OPTIMASI PROSES DEASETILASI KITIN BERBASIS MICROWAVE UNTUK PRODUKSI KITOSAN DENGAN DERAJAT DEASETILASI TINGGI

  • Ani Purwanti Universitas AKPRIND Indonesia
Keywords: kitosan, deasetilasi, microwave, optimasi, kulit udang

Abstract

Kitosan merupakan biopolimer hasil deasetilasi kitin yang banyak dimanfaatkan pada berbagai bidang karena bersifat biodegradable dan biokompatibel. Namun, proses deasetilasi konvensional cenderung memerlukan kondisi operasi yang ekstrim sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan degradasi rantai polimer dan penurunan yield kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi proses deasetilasi kitin berbasis microwave guna memperoleh kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi (DD) ≥ 75% dan degradasi massa yang minimal. Optimasi dilakukan secara simultan terhadap beberapa parameter proses, meliputi konsentrasi NaOH (40–70% b/v), suhu reaksi (60–80 °C), daya microwave (300–600 W), dan rasio pelarut NaOH:kitin (1:10–1:20 b/v). Derajat deasetilasi ditentukan menggunakan analisis FTIR, sedangkan yield kitosan dihitung berdasarkan perbandingan massa kitosan kering terhadap massa awal kitin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan intensitas kondisi proses mampu meningkatkan derajat deasetilasi, namun secara bersamaan menurunkan yield kitosan akibat degradasi rantai polimer. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaOH 60% (b/v), suhu 70 °C, daya microwave 450 W, dan rasio NaOH:kitin 1:15 (b/v), yang menghasilkan kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi ≥ 75% dan yield sekitar 70%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa optimasi simultan parameter proses efektif dalam menghasilkan kitosan bermutu tinggi dengan efisiensi proses yang baik.

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Published
2026-01-24