Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra) Pulau Sumbawa Sebagai Kandidat Bahan Farmasi Alami

Nehru Nehru; Muh. Nasir; M. Ekahidayatullah

doi:10.33627/oz.v14i2.3945

Nehru Nehru Universitas Nggusuwaru
Muh. Nasir Universitas Nggusuwaru
M. Ekahidayatullah Universitas Nggusuwaru

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33627/oz.v14i2.3945

Keywords: Antibakteri, Antikanker, Ekstrak teripang pasir, Farmasi bahan alam, Holothuria scabra

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensi antibakteri fraksi ekstrak teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) asal perairan Sumbawa terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Senyawa bioaktif diisolasi melalui ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan heksana, etil asetat, etanol, butanol, aseton, dan air. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram, dan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ditetapkan untuk fraksi yang paling aktif. Hasil menunjukkan variasi aktivitas yang bergantung pada jenis pelarut. Terhadap E. coli, fraksi butanol memberikan hambatan paling kuat dan konsisten (21,75–24,5 mm), mendekati kontrol positif, diikuti fraksi etil asetat dan etanol yang menunjukkan aktivitas sedang namun bervariasi (10,5–24,75 mm). Fraksi non-polar seperti heksana hanya menghasilkan hambatan lemah (4,5–5,5 mm), sementara fraksi air dan aseton memberikan efek minimal. Sebaliknya, S. aureus jauh lebih sensitif. Fraksi etanol menghasilkan zona hambat 34,75 mm, setara dengan kontrol positif, sedangkan fraksi butanol (26,95 mm) dan etil asetat (27–29 mm) juga menunjukkan aktivitas kuat. Fraksi heksana, air, dan aseton tetap berada pada kategori lemah. Secara keseluruhan, potensi antibakteri meningkat seiring meningkatnya polaritas pelarut, menegaskan bahwa senyawa aktif utama teripang pasir—seperti saponin, sterol, dan lipid polar—terkonsentrasi pada fraksi polar dan semi-polar. Temuan ini memperkuat bahwa Holothuria scabra memiliki potensi kuat sebagai sumber alami agen antimikroba, terutama terhadap bakteri Gram positif.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Carballo, J. L., Hernández-Inda, Z. L., Pérez, P., & García-Grávalos, M. D. (2002). A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products. BMC Biotechnology, 2, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6570-2-17

Cavalluzzi, M. M., Lamonaca, A., Rotondo, N. P., Miniero, D. V., Muraglia, M., Gabriele, P., Corbo, F., De Palma, A., Budriesi, R., De Angelis, E., Monaci, L., & Lentini, G. (2022). Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Lentil Wastes: Antioxidant Activity Evaluation and Metabolomic Characterization. Molecules, 27(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217471

Dang, N. H., Van Thanh, N., Van Kiem, P., Huong, L. M., Van Minh, C., & Kim, Y. H. (2007). Two New Triterpene Glycosides from the Vietnamese Sea CucumberHolothuria scabra. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30(11), 1387–1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977361

Debi, P. R., Barua, H., Ahmmed, M. K., & Bhowmik, S. (2025). Therapeutic Potential of Sea Cucumber-Derived Bioactives in the Prevention and Management of Brain-Related Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Marine Drugs, 23(8), 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080310

Hamamouche, K., Elhadj, Z., Khattabi, L., Zahnit, W., Djemoui, B., Kharoubi, O., Boussebaa, W., Bouderballa, M., EL Moustapha Kallouche, M., Attia, S. M., Ahmad, S. F., Atanassova, M., & Messaoudi, M. (2024). Impact of Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction on Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Jania rubens and Sargassum muticum. Marine Drugs, 22(12), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120530

Jattujan, P., Chalorak, P., Siangcham, T., Sangpairoj, K., Nobsathian, S., Poomtong, T., Sobhon, P., & Meemon, K. (2018). Holothuria scabra extracts possess anti-oxidant activity and promote stress resistance and lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. In Experimental Gerontology (Vol. 110, pp. 158–171). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.006

Mewengkang, T. T., Lintang, R. A., Losung, F., Sumilat, D. A., & Lumingas, L. J. L. (2022). Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri EkstrakDaging Teripang Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger 1833 Asal Perairan PantaiKalasey, Minahasa. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX, 10(2), 355–363.

Misgiati, Winarni, I., Murniasih, T., Novriyanti, E., Tarman, K., Safithri, M., Setyaningsih, I., Cahyati, D., Pratama, B. P., & Wirawati, I. (2024). The anticancer and antioxidant potential of local sea cucumber Holothuria edulis, an ecology balancer of Labuan Bajo marine ecosystem. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9(November 2023), 100625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100625

Mohammadizadeh, F., Ehsanpor, M., Afkhami, M., Mokhlesi, A., Khazaali, A., & Montazeri, S. (2013). Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of Holothuria scabra from the North Coast of the Persian Gulf. In Journal de Mycologie Medicale (Vol. 23, Issue 4, pp. 225–229). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.08.002

Nobsathian, S., Tuchinda, P., Sobhon, P., Tinikul, Y., Poljaroen, J., Tinikul, R., Sroyraya, M., Poomton, T., & Chaichotranunt, S. (2017). An antioxidant activity of the whole body of Holothuria scabra. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 4(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-017-0087-7

Nurhidayati, N., Prabowowati, Y. Y., Nurdiana, N., Permatasari, H. K., Rosyidi, R. M., & Endharti, A. T. (2025). Bioactive compounds and biological mechanism of sea cucumber as potential antitumor agents: A review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research, 13(5), 1372–1384. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2119_13.5.1372

Octiara, E., Salmiah, S., Bachtiar, Z. A., Adiana, I. D., Sari, G. W., Kerenha, & Tambunan, D. C. (2025). Combination effects oral drops of Holothuria scabra extract and Hylocereus polyrhizus peel on enhancing recovery from post-chemotherapy oral mucositis. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research, 13(4), 1147–1159. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2040_13.4.1147

Sangpairoj, K., Chaithirayanon, K., Vivithanaporn, P., Siangcham, T., Jattujan, P., Poomtong, T., Nobsathian, S., & Sobhon, P. (2016). Extract of the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cell lines. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 6(7), 452–468. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i7.264

Savarino, P., Colson, E., Caulier, G., Eeckhaut, I., Flammang, P., & Gerbaux, P. (2022). Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera. Molecules, 27(2), 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020537

Wang, J., Han, H., Chen, X., Yi, Y., & Sun, H. (2014). Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activity of triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells. Marine Drugs, 12(8), 4274–4290. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12084274

Zakharenko, A., Romanchenko, D., Thinh, P. D., Pikula, K., Thuy Hang, C. T., Yuan, W., Xia, X., Chaika, V., Chernyshev, V., Zakharenko, S., Razgonova, M., Chung, G., & Golokhvast, K. (2020). Features and advantages of supercritical CO2 extraction of sea cucumber cucumaria frondosa japonica semper, 1868. Molecules, 25(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184088.